---
title: Numbers and Math
summary: Arithmetic, rounding, trigonometry, random numbers, bit operations and number formatting.
description: Arithmetic, rounding, trigonometry, random numbers, bit operations and number formatting.
icon: phosphor-duotone:calculator
order: 5
---

Arithmetic, rounding, trigonometry, random numbers, bit operations and number formatting. 43 entries. This page is generated from the MatchBox source; see the [function reference index](index.md) for how to read the tables and what each gate means.

| Function | Forms | Gate | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `abs` | `abs( number )`, `number.abs()` | always | Returns the absolute value. Defined in the prelude and as a native function; the prelude definition is the one that runs. |
| `acos` | `acos( ... )`, `number.acos( ... )` | always |  |
| `asin` | `asin( ... )`, `number.asin( ... )` | always |  |
| `atan` | `atan( ... )`, `number.atan( ... )`, `number.atn( ... )` | always |  |
| `atan2` | `atan2( ... )` | always |  |
| `atn` | `atn( ... )` | always |  |
| `bitAnd` | `bitAnd( ... )` | always | Bitwise AND. |
| `bitMaskClear` | `bitMaskClear( ... )` | always |  |
| `bitMaskRead` | `bitMaskRead( ... )` | always |  |
| `bitMaskSet` | `bitMaskSet( ... )` | always |  |
| `bitNot` | `bitNot( ... )` | always | Bitwise NOT. |
| `bitOr` | `bitOr( ... )` | always | Bitwise OR. |
| `bitSh` | `bitSh( ... )` | always |  |
| `bitShln` | `bitShln( ... )` | always | Shifts bits left by n positions. |
| `bitShrn` | `bitShrn( ... )` | always | Shifts bits right by n positions. |
| `bitXor` | `bitXor( ... )` | always | Bitwise XOR. |
| `ceiling` | `ceiling( ... )`, `number.ceiling( ... )` | always | Rounds up to an integer. |
| `cos` | `cos( ... )`, `number.cos( ... )` | always |  |
| `decimalFormat` | `decimalFormat( ... )`, `number.decimalFormat( ... )` | always |  |
| `decrementValue` | `decrementValue( ... )`, `number.decrementValue( ... )` | always | Subtracts 1. |
| `exp` | `exp( ... )`, `number.exp( ... )` | always | Returns e raised to a power. |
| `fix` | `fix( ... )`, `number.fix( ... )` | always | Removes the fractional part (rounds toward zero). |
| `floor` | `floor( ... )`, `number.floor( ... )` | always | Rounds down to an integer. |
| `formatBaseN` | `formatBaseN( ... )` | always | Converts a number to a string in the given base. |
| `incrementValue` | `incrementValue( ... )`, `number.incrementValue( ... )` | always | Adds 1. |
| `inputBaseN` | `inputBaseN( ... )` | always | Parses a string in the given base. |
| `int` | `int( ... )`, `number.int( ... )` | always |  |
| `log` | `log( ... )`, `number.log( ... )` | always |  |
| `log10` | `log10( ... )`, `number.log10( ... )` | always | Returns the base-10 logarithm. |
| `max` | `max( n1, n2 )` | always | Returns the larger of two numbers. Defined in the prelude and as a native function; the prelude definition is the one that runs. |
| `min` | `min( n1, n2 )` | always | Returns the smaller of two numbers. Defined in the prelude and as a native function; the prelude definition is the one that runs. |
| `numberFormat` | `numberFormat( ... )`, `number.numberFormat( ... )` | always | Formats a number with a mask such as "9,999.99". |
| `pi` | `pi( ... )` | always | Returns pi. |
| `precisionEvaluate` | `precisionEvaluate( ... )` | always |  |
| `rand` | `rand( ... )` | always | Returns a random number from 0 up to, but not including, 1. |
| `randomize` | `randomize( ... )` | always |  |
| `randRange` | `randRange( ... )` | always | Returns a random integer between two bounds, inclusive. |
| `round` | `round( ... )`, `number.round( ... )` | always | Rounds to the nearest integer, or to the given number of decimals. |
| `sgn` | `sgn( ... )`, `number.sgn( ... )` | always | Returns -1, 0 or 1 for the sign of a number. |
| `sin` | `sin( ... )`, `number.sin( ... )` | always |  |
| `sqr` | `sqr( ... )`, `number.sqr( ... )` | always | Returns the square root. |
| `tan` | `tan( ... )`, `number.tan( ... )` | always |  |
| `val` | `val( ... )`, `string.val( ... )` | always | Parses the leading number of a string, 0 when there is none. |